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Objective:To investigate the psychological status and the influential factors of postpartum depression in primiparae subjected to cesarean section and provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of postpartum depression in primiparae.Methods:A total of 288 primiparae underwent a psychological status survey in Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital from January 2016 to January 2020 and were included in this study. We evaluated their psychological status using the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The factors that affect postpartum depression were analyzed.Results:The incidence of depression post-cesarean section was 25.00% in primiparae. The scores of SDS and EPDS were (61.23 ± 7.83) points and (12.47 ± 3.14) points in primiparae with a depressive status, which were significantly higher than those in primiparae without a depressive status [(41.39 ± 3.21) points, (8.39 ± 1.22) points, t1 = 15.30, P < 0.001; t2 = 15.87, P < 0.001). Univariate analysis results showed there was a significant difference in postpartum depressive psychological status in terms of maternal education level, family relationship, mother-in-law and daughter-in-law relationship, mental health education, depressive status during pregnancy, intrapartum psychological status, and spouse's education level (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis results showed that postpartum depressive status in primiparae was related to family relationships, mother-in-law/daughter-in-law relationships, the depressive status during pregnancy, intrapartum psychological status, and spouse's education level are independent risk factors for postpartum depression in primipara after cesarean section ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The incidence of postpartum depression is high in primiparae subjected to cesarean section. Family relationships and spouse's education level are the influential factors of depression. Family-oriented early psychological intervention should be strengthened to provide more counseling during pregnancy and promote maternal mental health.
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Objective: To compare oral hygiene practices, education and social background, food intake and oral malodor of Algerian adults suffering from dental caries with normal controls, and to determine and compare the bacterial composition of the supragingival plaques from the above-mentioned groups. Methods: Participants completed a questionnaire and were clinically examined for dental caries using decayed, missing and filled teeth index according to the criteria laid down by the World Health Organization. Supragingival plaque samples were collected from 50 caries-free adults (CF) and 50 caries-active adults (CA). Standard procedures of culture and identification of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were used. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: A total of 117 bacterial strains were isolated from supragingival plaques in CF group subjects, 76 (64.96%) of them belonged to 9 aerobic genera, and 41 (35.04%) to 9 anaerobic genera (P<0.05). While in the second group, 199 strains were isolated, 119 (59.80%) of the strains belonged to 10 aerobic genera and 80 (40.20%) to 10 anaerobic bacteria (P<0.05). Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecium, Aerococcus viridans, Actinomyces meyeri, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Eubacterium limosum showed a significantly higher prevalence in the CA group (P<0.05). The findings revealed that CA group had a high sugar intake (80%). A significantly higher frequency of tooth brushing (P<0.000) and a significantly less self-reported oral malodor (P<0.000) and tooth pain (P<0.000) were found in CF group, while there was no association of socioeconomic levels and intake of meal snacks with dental caries. Conclusions: This study confirms the association of some aciduric bacteria with caries formation, and a direct association of sugar intake and cultural level with dental caries. Furthermore, oral hygiene practices minimize the prevalence of tooth decay.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare oral hygiene practices, education and social background, food intake and oral malodor of Algerian adults suffering from dental caries with normal controls, and to determine and compare the bacterial composition of the supragingival plaques from the above-mentioned groups. Methods Participants completed a questionnaire and were clinically examined for dental caries using decayed, missing and filled teeth index according to the criteria laid down by the World Health Organization. Supragingival plaque samples were collected from 50 caries-free adults (CF) and 50 caries-active adults (CA). Standard procedures of culture and identification of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were used. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test. Results A total of 117 bacterial strains were isolated from supragingival plaques in CF group subjects, 76 (64.96%) of them belonged to 9 aerobic genera, and 41 (35.04%) to 9 anaerobic genera (P < 0.05). While in the second group, 199 strains were isolated, 119 (59.80%) of the strains belonged to 10 aerobic genera and 80 (40.20%) to 10 anaerobic bacteria (P < 0.05). Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecium, Aerococcus viridans, Actinomyces meyeri, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Eubacterium limosum showed a significantly higher prevalence in the CA group (P < 0.05). The findings revealed that CA group had a high sugar intake (80%). A significantly higher frequency of tooth brushing (P < 0.000) and a significantly less self-reported oral malodor (P < 0.000) and tooth pain (P < 0.000) were found in CF group, while there was no association of socioeconomic levels and intake of meal snacks with dental caries. Conclusions This study confirms the association of some aciduric bacteria with caries formation, and a direct association of sugar intake and cultural level with dental caries. Furthermore, oral hygiene practices minimize the prevalence of tooth decay.
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The purpose of this survey was to evaluate the socioeconomic and technical assistance profiles of dairy farmers from six districts in the south of Minas Gerais state, Brazil, and to identify the possible risk factors associated with total milk bacteria count (TBC) above 43,000 CFU mL-1 and bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) above 595,000 cells mL-1. Most of the producers were between 41 and 60 years of age (48.9%), 74.2% did not reach high school, and 72.3% of the respondents were satisfied with their profession, although 63% would not recommend dairy farming to their children. Only 34.7% used periodic technical assistance, but 59.1% consulted it in cases of doubt. The risk factors found in the final multivariable regression models were: TBC (Did not consult technical assistance in case of doubt, OR 3.97, P=0.030; Retirement, OR 9.32, P=0.041) and BMSCC (Producer does not reside on farm, OR 4.06, P=0.046; Presence of technical assistance OR 3.29, P=0.041). It can be concluded that the search for emergency technical assistance, as reported by farmers, was effective against the TBC problems; however, it was ineffective for controlling mastitis in the herd and reducing BMSCC levels. The 10 step mastitis control program from the National Mastitis Council needs to be included on the surveyed farms, especially the permanent advisory technical assistance from veterinarians, aiming towards the establishment of goals for udder health status, reviews and records.
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o perfil socioeconômico e de assistência técnica de produtores de leite provenientes de seis cidades no sul do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, e identificar os possíveis fatores de risco associados com a contagem bacteriana total (CBT) do leite acima de 43.000 UFC mL-1 e contagem de células somáticas do leite do tanque (CCST) acima 595.000 células mL-1. A maioria dos produtores possuía entre 41 e 60 anos de idade (48,9%), 74,2% não alcançaram o ensino médio e, 72,3% dos entrevistados estavam satisfeitos com a sua profissão, embora 63% não recomendaria a pecuária leiteira para os seus filhos. Apenas 34,7% utilizaram assistência técnica periodicamente, mas 59,1% a consultava em caso de dúvidas. Os fatores de risco encontrados nos modelos finais de regressão multivariada foram: CBT (Não consulta a assistência técnica em caso de dúvidas, OR 3,97 e P=0,030; Aposentadoria, OR 9,32 e P=0,041) e CCST (Produtor não reside na fazenda, OR 4,06 e P=0,046; Presença de assistência técnica OR 3,29 e P=0,041). Pode-se concluir que a busca por assistência técnica de forma emergencial, conforme relatado pelos agricultores, foi eficaz contra os problemas de CBT; no entanto, ineficaz para o controle de mastite no rebanho e na redução dos níveis de CCST. O programa de controle de mastite de 10 pontos do National Mastitis Council precisa ser incluído nas fazendas pesquisadas, especialmente em relação à assessoria técnica permanente por veterinários, visando o estabelecimento de metas para o status de saúde do úbere, revisões e registros.
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Os traumatismos faciais têm suscitado discussões sobre forma adequada de avaliação e tratamento à pessoa ofendida, visto a complexidade e a importância dessa região. Para esta pesquisa foram utilizados 56 indivíduos que sofreram traumatismos faciais com no máximo 24 horas, no transcorrer de 10 meses. A etiologia e as faixas etárias foram enquadradas em grupos, de acordo com o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), a Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria (SBP) e a Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (SBOT). As vítimas, com fratura de ossos faciais, também preencheram fichas com questionários em múltipla escolha, correspondente aos anseios e dificuldades evidenciadas pela mesma previamente e posteriormente ao tratamento. A agressão interpessoal foi à etiologia mais comum, com 38,5% dos casos, ocorrendo mais frequentemente em adultos, 40%. Também foi observado número bem expressivo de vítimas que não concluíram o ensino fundamental, 38%. Os pacientes ao darem entrada no hospital, normalmente, queixavam da falta de harmonia facial, 25,5%; e 27% destes esperam retornar integralmente à sociedade dentro de 30 dias, dado que se concretizou em 40% dos casos. Conclui-se que a desarmonia facial é algo que incomoda os pacientes, até mesmo aqueles com menor grau de instrução e nível sócio cultural... (AU)
The facial trauma have sparked discussions about the appropriate treatment, given the complexity and importance of this region. For this research we used 56 individuals who suffered facial injuries with a maximum of 24 hours, over the course of 10 months. The etiology and age were classified into groups, according to the Statute of the Child and Adolescent ( ECA ) and the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics ( SBP). The victim of fractured of the facial bones, completed questionnaires multiple choice, matching the aspirations and difficulties highlighted by the same previously and after the treatment. The interpersonal aggression was the most common etiology , with 38.5 % of cases , occurring more frequently in adults , 40 % . We also observed a significant number of victims who have not completed primary education , 38 % . In General the patients, to the hospital admission, complained of the lack of facial harmony , 25.5 %, and 27 % of them expect full return to society within 30 days , as was achieved in 40 % of cases . We concluded that the facial disharmony is something that bothers patients , even those with the least education and socio cultural... (AU)